Read this Green Article: ABSTRACT In recent years, injection of renewable energy such as solar power into the power grid is increasing. However, inclusion of large-scale intermittent-type renewable energy requires better man....

1. Introduction

In recent years, many countries have largely deployed renewable technologies and mostly, allow distributed power generation at the low-voltage distribution network [1]. With large-scale emergence of intermittent-type of renewable energy such as solar power on the grid system, it becomes a challenge to the grid operators to properly manage the grid system operation [2]. The load flow pa-rameters and power flow direction on the grid system become more difficult to be predicted. Power flow changes from uni-directional power flow to bi-directional power flow [3]. Based on [4], the current conventional grid system is not ready for large-scale distributed gen-eration.
Under Malaysia's ninth development plan, renewable energies such as solar power were planned to be included in the grid system [5]. Malaysia is aiming to have mini-mum of 220 MW of solar power in the composition of energy mix by year 2020 [6]. With proper grid manage-ment, large-scale injection of solar power will benefit the grid system. The most promising way to ensure the reli-ability of the grid system after large-scale integration of on grid solar power is to identify the issues and solutions before implementation......